CITATION STYLE

HOW TITLES SHOULD BE INDICATED:

Titles of books:

Tale of Genji or Tale of Genji (choose one and be consistent!)

Titles of articles:

“Marriage Institutions”

Titles of short stories, plays, and films:

Tadanori or “Tadanori” (choose one and be consistent!)

CITATION FORMS FOR DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND PAPERS

You need to cite your sources, not only for direct quotations, but also for ideas. YOU MUST CITE ANY SOURCE EVEN (OR ESPECIALLLY) IF IT IS FROM THE INTERNET. But for sources from texts assigned for the course, cite so that it is obvious what the text is. For plays, fiction, etc., this usually means citing the title, not the author or translator. For example, Royall Tyler has translated numerous texts that we will read in this course, so simply saying "Tyler, p. 32" is not helpful!

Citing tales, plays etc. assigned in class: Always identify the name of the text and give the page number (act/scene # if it exists):

EXAMPLE:

Imagery related to blood appears in many places in Macbeth, including this speech by Lady Macbeth:

Make thick my blood.
Stop up the access and passage to remorse,
That no compunctious visitings of nature
Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between
The effect and it. (Macbeth p 33, Act 1 Sc. 5, lines 50-54)

EXAMPLE:

The kyogen play The Cicada alludes to a poem from Tale of Genji:

Beneath a tree
the empty shell of a cicada
who's shed its skin.
If only I might see once more
the vanished lady herself! (The Cicada, pp. 288-89)

EXAMPLE:

The ascetic En no Gyôja prays for a guardian deity of Golden Peak (Mt. Kinpusen) in the Omine mountains to appear. The first time the deity who appears is too peaceful, but the second time he prays, "Zao Gongen burst forth in a wrathful form, brandishing a three-pronged vajra in his right hand, and standing in the fierce pose of crushing demons." ("The Wizard of the Mountains," p. 128)

Citing primary and secondary sources:

If we have only read one thing by the author, the name is good enough:

As Carmen Blacker says in Catalpa Bow , "xxxxx" (p. 120). [direct quotation, named the book]

According to Blacker, XYZ is true (Catalpa Bow, p.120). [paraphrase of idea, didn't name the book]

When citing or quoting an author who has more than one article or translation used in the course, make sure you distinguish which article you mean:

According to Royall Tyler's introduction to Japanese Tales, XYZ is true (Tyler,
Japanese Tales, p. 12)

According to Royall Tyler's introduction to Nonomiya, XYZ is true (Tyler, Japanese No Dramas, p. 43)

In discussing texts such as Tale of Genji etc. make sure that you distinguish between the translator, scholarly commentator, the author, and the narrator or characters in the story:

In Tale of Genji, the narrator comments, "Genji's glowing beauty was incomparably appealing" (p. 37).

In Tale of Heike, Atsumori refuses to reveal his name to Kumagae, saying, "I don't need to give you my name....." (p. 395).

In his introduction to The Diary of Murasaki Shikibu, Richard Bowring notes that little is known of Murasaki Shikibu's personal life (p. 4).

When citing a class lecture, simply give the date of the lecture:

As noted in lecture (10/4/22), upper-class marriage in the Heian period was often highly politicized....

When citing the internet, give me the URL and date of access; in the case of Wikipedia you can give the subject:

According to the website <The-Noh.com>, Kyogen "apparently first emerged as an independent art form during the Warring States period (1467-1568)." (<http://www.the-noh.com/en/world/kyogen.html>. Accessed 3/15/15.)

According to the Wikipedia article on "Kyōgen," "kyōgen is a comical form, and its primary goal is to make its audience laugh." (Accessed 3/15/15.)

IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT THE INTERNET: when using the internet as a source, remember that internet sites often treat stories ahistorically, that is, without regard to the period in which the story was written. This course is primarily concerned with how stories change over time in relation to changing historical contexts, and so you need to use the internet cautiously.

SOME WORDS THAT PEOPLE CONFUSE OFTEN-- if you’re not sure what the difference is, look them up before you use them!!!

economic, economics
economical (in American English, this means something is cheap)

ideal
idyllic
idealistic (this means you have high ideals)
idealism (this is the practice of having high ideals)

envious
enviable

feminine
feminism
feminist

exorcise
exercise

Confucian
confusion

aesthetic
ascetic
esoteric

wandering
wondering